Rod dystrophy refers to a group of related ocular disorders characterised by progressive vision loss over time. These conditions impact the retina, the light-sensitive tissue layer located at the back of the eye. In individuals affected by rod dystrophy, vision impairment occurs due to the gradual degeneration of the retina's photoreceptor cells.
The initial signs and symptoms typically manifest during childhood and include reduced visual acuity and heightened sensitivity to light (photophobia). These are often followed by compromised peripheral vision. As the disease advances, patients may experience night blindness and further deterioration of peripheral vision, which can impede independent mobility. The continual decline in visual acuity makes reading increasingly challenging, with most individuals becoming legally blind by mid-adulthood. Progression of the condition may also lead to involuntary eye movements (nystagmus).